Analisis Novel “Perempuan di Titik Nol” Karya Nawal El-Saadawi Dalam Perspektif Gender (Teori Mansour Fakih)

Abstract

This study aims to describe the forms of gender injustice depicted in the novel “Woman at Point Zero” by Nawal El-Saadawi, utilizing the perspective of Mansour Fakih’s theory. The novel chronicles the life journey of Firdaus, an egyptian woman from an impoverished family who endures various forms of oppression from childhood ranging from domestic violence, forced marriage, and sexual abuse to becoming an independent prostitute ultimately killing a pimp and choosing the death penalty as an act of resistance against the patriarchal system. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The primary data source is the novel “Woman at Point Zero” by Nawal El-Saadawi, while secondary data is derived from Mansour Fakih’s theoretical works and relevant prior research. Data collection was conducted using “read-and-note” techniques and documentation. Data analysis was performed thematically based on the five forms of gender injustice identified by Mansour Fakih: marginalization, subordination, stereotyping, violence, and double burden. The research results indicate that all five forms of gender injustice are prominently present in the novel. Instances identified include marginalization (24 excerpts), subordination (36 excerpts), stereotyping (30 excerpts), violence (27 excerpts), subdivided into physical violence (17 excerpts) and psychological violence (10 excerpts), and double burden (10 excerpts). These findings illustrate how the character Firdaus experiences structural and cultural oppression within Egyptian patriarchal society. Through this novel, Nawal El-Saadawi delivers a sharp critique of gender injustice and advocates for women's awareness and resistance against oppressive systems.