The Meaning of Panaek Bungkulan in Mandailing Customs and Culture: A Symbolic Study and Local Wisdom
Kata Kunci:
Culture, Local Wisdom, Mandailing Customs, Panaek BungkulanAbstrak
Panaek bungkulan is a Mandailing customary practice associated with the raising of the roof ridge of a newly built house. Although previous research has documented its sequence and identified local-wisdom values, the symbolic meanings that connect the material elements, social actors, and customary stages have received less focused discussion. This study therefore examined the meaning of panaek bungkulan within Mandailing adat and cultural life, with particular attention to kinship, reciprocity, gratitude, responsibility, and the relationship between people, nature, and the divine. The study used an interpretive qualitative design based on documentary and literature analysis. The principal data source was the documented description of panaek bungkulan among Batak Angkola/Mandailing communities, complemented by recent studies of Mandailing customary communication, Dalihan Na Tolu, local wisdom, and symbolic ritual practices in Indonesia. Data were coded into stages, objects, actors, actions, and cultural values, then interpreted through a symbolic and local-wisdom perspective. The analysis indicated that panaek bungkulan can be understood as a cultural text in which the raising of the roof ridge signifies the transition from construction to inhabitable social space; collective participation signifies kinship and mutual responsibility; and the accompanying natural materials signify hopes for continuity, welfare, fertility, and environmental awareness. The practice also reinforces the social organisation of Dalihan Na Tolu and provides a medium through which cultural knowledge is transmitted across generations. The study contributes an interpretive account that moves beyond listing ritual stages or values by explaining how those elements form an integrated meaning system. Its findings support the preservation and contextual teaching of Mandailing cultural heritage without separating customary knowledge from the social relationships in which it is practised.
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